--- title: "AP Chemistry FRQ 3 Long Answer Practice" description: "55 Long Answer Question (FRQ 3)s written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-chem/frqs/frq-3" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Chemistry" --- # AP Chemistry FRQ 3 Long Answer Practice ## What the FRQ 3 Long Answer asks FRQ 3 is the last of three long-answer questions on the AP Chemistry exam: a 10-point problem in about six parts that mixes calculations, written explanations, and drawings. Each question splits its 10 points its own way, so the table shows one common split. - **10 points**: usually across parts A to F - **105 min**: for all seven FRQs - **50%**: of your exam score comes from FRQs | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Representation | Complete a Lewis diagram, write an equation, or identify a value | 2 | | B: Explanation | Explain a property or work a calculation from the data | 2 | | C: Calculation | A calculation from the data, with units | 2 | | D: Justification | A claim justified with evidence or a calculation | 2 | | E: Linked step | A calculation or explanation that uses an earlier result | 1 | | F: Conclusion | A final claim about the system, with the chemical reason | 1 | ## How FRQ 3 Long Answer practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The setup, figures, data tables, and every part, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 23-minute timer.** A pace that fits all seven questions into the 105-minute section. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 10.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 55 questions ### Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties (3) - [Gallium properties and semiconductor applications](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69759025ca95302de0307e04&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Germanium isotopes and mass spectrum analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985091ce84ac93142252bdb&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Titanium properties, isotopes, electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851ed3e84ac93142252c4b&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties (4) - [Titanium transition metal electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850c5ae84ac93142252bee&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Carbon compounds, carbonate ion structure](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850e66e84ac93142252bf7&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Gallium isotopes and periodic atomic radius trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985118ee84ac93142252c09&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Calcium isotopes and natural abundance distribution](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698514b0e84ac93142252c19&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures (10) - [Acetone and 2-propanol: volatility and structural properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697584c4229374bc48313cc2&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide polarity differences](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698507ade84ac93142252bd4&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Intermolecular forces and vapor pressure in diatomic molecules](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850985e84ac93142252bdf&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Ammonia and phosphine hydride properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850e11e84ac93142252bf2&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Molecular structure and polarity of sulfur compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850ed4e84ac93142252bf8&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Molecular structure and physical properties comparison](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850fa5e84ac93142252bff&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in iodine versus fluorine](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985106ae84ac93142252c03&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Fluorine compounds and phosphorus trifluoride structure](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985158fe84ac93142252c1c&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Ionic versus molecular bonding and intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698518f7e84ac93142252c2e&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Molecular structure and intermolecular forces of ammonia](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851f45e84ac93142252c4d&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 4: Chemical Reactions (6) - [Oxygen gas production during acid-base titration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975bb2fee5f21c3c1e4f2b5&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Copper and silver nitrate stoichiometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850995e84ac93142252be0&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Iron(II) oxidation-reduction titration with permanganate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851092e84ac93142252c05&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Vanadium isotopes and mass spectrum analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851a86e84ac93142252c37&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Metal M's electron configuration from photoelectron spectrum](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852033e84ac93142252c53&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Redox reaction between aluminum and copper(II) sulfate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985205de84ac93142252c55&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 5: Kinetics (7) - [Catalytic pathways and activation energy in decomposition](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850c1de84ac93142252bec&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Reaction rates and stoichiometric relationships](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850e21e84ac93142252bf3&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and chlorine gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850f17e84ac93142252bfa&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851370e84ac93142252c14&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Nitrogen dioxide and fluorine reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985188de84ac93142252c2c&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Reaction mechanism consistency with rate law](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851e21e84ac93142252c47&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Reaction kinetics and rate constant determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851fc2e84ac93142252c50&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 6: Thermochemistry (7) - [Nitrogen monoxide and chlorine gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850acae84ac93142252be7&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen reaction mechanism](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698516b0e84ac93142252c22&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and chlorine gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698519fce84ac93142252c34&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Aluminum-copper(II) chloride reaction yield determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985216de84ac93142252c5c&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Ammonium chloride calorimetry, Hess law, and water phase-change energy.](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95d2d9e39a10e798b5444e&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Methanol Lewis structure and nonbonding electrons](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95dd81f365355ce82bbc43&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Structural isomers: ethanol and dimethyl ether](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95df3ff365355ce82bbc53&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 7: Equilibrium (3) - [Phosgene structure and chemical properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851eb8e84ac93142252c4a&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Reaction quotients, gas-equilibrium perturbations, solubility and catalysts.](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95e2ee4feefea853be6bf9&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Solid decomposition equilibrium and gas pressure constants](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6ab29816f70bc2b8feebf157&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 8: Acids and Bases (5) - [Weak acid properties and hypochlorous acid](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850a47e84ac93142252be3&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Weak acid structure and electron configuration properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850fc5e84ac93142252c00&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Hypochlorous acid dissociation and molecular structure](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698512efe84ac93142252c11&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Weak acid titration equivalence point pH calculation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698518f9e84ac93142252c2f&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Weak acid ionization and Lewis structure representation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851e9ae84ac93142252c48&type=frq-3-long-answer) ### Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry (10) - [Standard Gibbs free energy calculation at constant temperature](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975baceee5f21c3c1e4f2b4&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Weak base structure and electron distribution](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f768e84ac93142252b81&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Hydrazine molecular structure and electron pairs](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fb5fe84ac93142252b93&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Nitrosyl chloride molecular structure and bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850b26e84ac93142252be8&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Ammonium carbamate decomposition equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850bc7e84ac93142252bea&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility and ionic dissolution](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850f1ce84ac93142252bfb&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Ammonia structure and nonbonding electron representation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95b831a2930bc5379f0be1&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Urea structure and bonding representations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95d9b9ab90ec91b4464dc9&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Formic acid structure and bonding electrons](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95dae2ab90ec91b4464dd9&type=frq-3-long-answer) - [Ammonium carbamate decomposition and molecular bonding structures](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95dcceab90ec91b4464dea&type=frq-3-long-answer) ## Sample question **Gallium properties and semiconductor applications** Answer the following questions about the element gallium (Ga). Gallium is a group 13 element that is solid at room temperature but melts in the hand. It is commonly used in semiconductors. Figure 1: Type: spectrum Caption: Figure 1. Mass spectrum of gallium URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/a517fe05-e8fe-441e-91c8-b7a82ab789d3_fig1.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: A Part A (3 points): Context: The mass spectrum of a sample of naturally occurring gallium is shown in Figure 1. i. Calculate the average atomic mass of gallium based on the data in Figure 1. Show your work. (1 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Identify the difference in the atomic structure of the two isotopes represented by the peaks at 69 and 71. (1 pt) Verb: identify Data Table for Part B: Caption: Table 1. Experimental data for gallium oxide formation Headers: Measurement | Mass (g) Mass of empty crucible | 24.500 Mass of crucible + gallium | 25.750 Mass of crucible + gallium oxide product | 26.180 Part B (3 points): Context: A student heats a sample of pure gallium in a crucible in the presence of excess oxygen to form a gallium oxide compound. The data collected is shown in Table 1. i. Calculate the number of moles of oxygen atoms in the final product. (1 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Determine the empirical formula of the gallium oxide formed in the experiment. Show your work. (2 pt) Verb: determine iii. During the experiment, some of the solid gallium oxide product was spilled from the crucible before the final weighing. Would the calculated mass percent of gallium in the compound be greater than, less than, or equal to the actual mass percent? Justify your answer. (1 pt) Verb: predict Figure 2: Type: spectrum Caption: Figure 2. Photoelectron spectrum of gallium URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/a517fe05-e8fe-441e-91c8-b7a82ab789d3_fig2.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: C Part C (2 points): Context: The photoelectron spectrum (PES) for selected subshells of gallium is shown in Figure 2. i. Write the complete ground-state electron configuration for the gallium atom. (1 pt) Verb: write ii. Identify the peak (A, B, C, or D) in Figure 2 that corresponds to the electrons in the 3d subshell. Justify your answer based on relative peak intensity. (1 pt) Verb: identify Part D (1 point): Prompt: Indium (In) is in the same group as gallium but is in period 5. Explain why the atomic radius of indium is larger than the atomic radius of gallium. Verb: explain Part E (1 point): Prompt: The first ionization energy of gallium (579 kJ/mol) is lower than the first ionization energy of calcium (590 kJ/mol), even though gallium has a higher nuclear charge. Explain this phenomenon using principles of atomic structure. Verb: explain Image URLs (2): - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/a517fe05-e8fe-441e-91c8-b7a82ab789d3_fig1.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/a517fe05-e8fe-441e-91c8-b7a82ab789d3_fig2.jpg ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **Is FRQ 3 different from FRQ 1 and FRQ 2?** They share one format: 10 points, usually six parts, and a topic from any unit. Practice all three to prepare for the full long-answer set. **How are long-answer questions different from FRQs 4 to 7?** FRQs 1 to 3 are 10-point problems with about six parts that mix calculations, explanations, and drawings. FRQs 4 to 7 are 4-point questions that stay on one topic. **How do I type formulas, charges, and drawings?** Use the subscript and superscript buttons for formulas and ion charges. For a drawing, like a Lewis diagram or a mark on a figure, use the drawing tool, or switch the editor to handwrite, draw on paper, and add a photo of your page. **Can I use a calculator and the equations sheet?** Yes. The practice screen has a calculator and the AP Chemistry equations sheet with the periodic table, which you also get on exam day. ## Related - [FRQ 3 Long Answer exam guide](/ap-chem/ap-chemistry-exam/ap-chem-frq-long/study-guide/ap-chem-frq-long) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 1 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-1) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 2 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-2) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 4 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-4) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 5 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-5) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 6 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-6) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 7 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-7) - [AP Chemistry FRQs](/ap-chem/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)