--- title: "AP Chemistry FRQ 2 Long Answer Practice" description: "72 Long Answer Question (FRQ 2)s written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-chem/frqs/frq-2" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Chemistry" --- # AP Chemistry FRQ 2 Long Answer Practice ## What the FRQ 2 Long Answer asks FRQ 2 is the second of three long-answer questions on the AP Chemistry exam: a 10-point problem in about six parts that mixes calculations, written explanations, and drawings. Each question splits its 10 points its own way, so the table shows one common split. - **10 points**: usually across parts A to F - **105 min**: for all seven FRQs - **50%**: of your exam score comes from FRQs | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Calculation | A first calculation or equation from the data | 2 | | B: Calculation or claim | Another calculation, or a claim supported by the data | 2 | | C: Reasoning | A calculation or an explanation of what the data show | 2 | | D: Justification | A claim justified with evidence, or a calculation from an earlier part | 2 | | E: Explanation | Why a result happens, in terms of particles or energy | 1 | | F: Prediction | How a change to the system affects the result, with a reason | 1 | ## How FRQ 2 Long Answer practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The setup, figures, data tables, and every part, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 23-minute timer.** A pace that fits all seven questions into the 105-minute section. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 10.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 72 questions ### Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties (5) - [Magnesium isotopes and mass spectrum analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985517ee84ac93142252e5a&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Zirconium isotope abundance and atomic mass](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855319e84ac93142252e68&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Element Q isotope composition and chloride compound stoichiometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855d10e84ac93142252e9a&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Isotopic composition and mass spectrum analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985609ae84ac93142252eab&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Sulfur isotope abundance and mass spectrum analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985656de84ac93142252ec7&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties (10) - [Isotopic composition and mass spectrum analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697590e9ca95302de0307e05&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Zirconium properties, isotopes, and nuclear applications](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855570e84ac93142252e7e&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molecular polarity, electronegativity, bond dipoles](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855605e84ac93142252e80&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Nitrogen-containing substance structures and properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855715e84ac93142252e84&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Nitrogen compounds and chemical bonding properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855d3ae84ac93142252e9b&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Phosphorus and nitrogen chloride formation differences](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698560e7e84ac93142252eac&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Vanadium oxide empirical formula determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856499e84ac93142252ec3&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molecular geometry and bond angles in formic acid](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856531e84ac93142252ec6&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Resonance structures in nitryl fluoride bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856721e84ac93142252ed1&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Nitrogen trifluoride synthesis and properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856964e84ac93142252eda&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures (11) - [Polar molecule solubility and hydrogen bonding interactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697526e88bf79ce1a59344cb&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar mass determination of volatile liquids](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985579ae84ac93142252e87&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar mass determination of volatile liquids](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855aabe84ac93142252e91&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar mass determination and gas behavior deviations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855e07e84ac93142252ea0&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar mass determination of volatile organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855f5fe84ac93142252ea5&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Iodine sublimation, gas pressure, intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698561b8e84ac93142252eb2&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar mass determination of volatile organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856620e84ac93142252ecb&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Volatile liquid properties and intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856943e84ac93142252ed9&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar mass determination of acetone vapor](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856a40e84ac93142252edc&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molecular structure and properties of fluorine compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985718de84ac93142252ee8&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrazine decomposition and nitrogen compound chemistry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698573d5e84ac93142252ee9&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 4: Chemical Reactions (5) - [Natural isotope abundance and atomic mass calculation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855ed2e84ac93142252ea3&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrate formula determination through heating mass loss](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985638ae84ac93142252ebd&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Dehydration of copper sulfate and vapor pressure deviation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856b09e84ac93142252edd&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Iron content determination in ferrous sulfate tablets](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f770090932ff1d91b30c6&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Sodium hypochlorite concentration analysis via iodine titration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f781090932ff1d91b30c7&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 5: Kinetics (5) - [Rate constant determination for nitrogen monoxide-hydrogen reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f27ae84ac93142252b69&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrogen peroxide decomposition kinetics and catalysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f81ce84ac93142252b83&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Crystal violet hydroxide ion reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fd2de84ac93142252ba0&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850493e84ac93142252bc3&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Chlorine dioxide and hydroxide ion reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6ab297fbf70bc2b8feebf14e&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 6: Thermochemistry (12) - [Enthalpy of combustion, experimental error analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975920cca95302de0307e08&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Urea dissolution and combustion enthalpy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985572fe84ac93142252e85&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Magnesium and hydrochloric acid reaction enthalpy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698558cce84ac93142252e8d&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855acfe84ac93142252e92&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar enthalpy of combustion for 1-butanol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855bf8e84ac93142252e95&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Ethanol combustion enthalpy determination and analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855cf9e84ac93142252e98&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy discrepancies](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855eace84ac93142252ea2&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy measurement](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855fb5e84ac93142252ea6&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856403e84ac93142252ebf&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Molar enthalpy of combustion, 1-butanol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698564d9e84ac93142252ec4&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Calorimetry, combustion enthalpy, 1-propanol formation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856b58e84ac93142252ede&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Enthalpy of combustion, phase transitions, energy changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856c6de84ac93142252edf&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 7: Equilibrium (4) - [Lead(II) chloride solubility and equilibrium constant](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698562eee84ac93142252eb8&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility and common ion effect](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698563aee84ac93142252ebe&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Lead(II) iodide dissolution equilibrium and reaction rates](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856fabe84ac93142252ee4&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Lead(II) thiocyanate dissolution and solubility equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95de555945462c723bc7d0&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 8: Acids and Bases (4) - [Ammonia, ammonium ion, aqueous equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a95dca9286cba1ae0fc1e1e&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Buffer preparation and pH resistance with weak acid](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a961a38fe7f9f7d93e5b12e&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Benzoic acid dissociation equilibrium and ionization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6a961aba63dc0346f29937d5&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Calcium hydroxide solubility and dissolution thermodynamics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6ab297a3f70bc2b8feebf128&type=frq-2-long-answer) ### Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry (16) - [Galvanic cell ion migration and electrochemical potential](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855b3de84ac93142252e94&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Lead-silver electrochemical cell and standard potential](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855cfbe84ac93142252e99&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell ion movement and charge balance](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855e05e84ac93142252e9f&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell ion migration and electrochemistry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856022e84ac93142252ea8&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Hydrazine oxidation reaction and fuel cell applications](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985611ce84ac93142252eae&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Ethanol combustion enthalpy and experimental error analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985615ae84ac93142252eaf&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Aluminum-nickel galvanic cell thermodynamics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856235e84ac93142252eb4&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Methanol combustion enthalpy measurement error analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856316e84ac93142252ebb&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell free energy from reduction potentials](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985642ae84ac93142252ec0&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698565cfe84ac93142252ec9&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Methanol combustion enthalpy determination and experimental error](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985661de84ac93142252eca&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell with aluminum and nickel electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985670ee84ac93142252ecf&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Zinc-nickel galvanic cell potential and spontaneity](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856828e84ac93142252ed5&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell with tin and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856912e84ac93142252ed8&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and spontaneity calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856cace84ac93142252ee0&type=frq-2-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and spontaneity](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69856ff6e84ac93142252ee5&type=frq-2-long-answer) ## Sample question **Magnesium isotopes and mass spectrum analysis** Answer the following questions about magnesium and its compounds. Magnesium is a Group 2 element that exists naturally as a mixture of three isotopes. The mass spectrum of a pure sample of magnesium is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Type: spectrum Caption: Figure 1. Mass spectrum of magnesium (relative abundances of the three naturally occurring isotopes). URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/76e21d85-fa6a-4a96-a73a-43845b20aee8_fig1.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: A Part A (3 points): i. Using the data in Figure 1, **calculate** the average atomic mass of magnesium. Show your work. (2 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Write the complete atomic symbol for the isotope corresponding to the peak at m/z = 26, including the atomic number and mass number. (1 pt) Verb: write Context Insert (before_part_B): A student analyzes a 2.018 g sample of a pure compound containing only magnesium and nitrogen. The results of the analysis are presented in Table 1. Introduces Figure: false Data Table for Part B: Caption: Table 1. Composition of a Magnesium-Nitrogen Compound Headers: Element | Mass in Sample (g) Magnesium | 1.458 Nitrogen | 0.560 Part B (3 points): i. Using the data in Table 1, **calculate** the number of moles of magnesium and the number of moles of nitrogen in the sample. (2 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Based on your answer to part B(i), **determine** the empirical formula of the compound. (1 pt) Verb: determine Context Insert (before_part_C): The photoelectron spectrum for a neutral magnesium atom is shown in Figure 2. Introduces Figure: true Figure Number: 2 Figure 2: Type: graph Caption: Figure 2. Photoelectron spectrum (PES) of magnesium showing electron binding energies and relative electron counts. URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/76e21d85-fa6a-4a96-a73a-43845b20aee8_fig2.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: C Part C (3 points): i. Based on the electron configuration of a neutral magnesium atom, **identify** the peak in Figure 2 that corresponds to the electrons in the 2p sublevel. Justify your answer in terms of the relative number of electrons. (1 pt) Verb: identify ii. The binding energy of the 2p electrons in a sodium atom (Na) is 3.67 MJ/mol. **Explain** why the binding energy of the 2p electrons in magnesium (Figure 2) is greater than that of sodium. (2 pt) Verb: explain Part D (1 point): Prompt: The first ionization energy of magnesium is 738 kJ/mol, while the first ionization energy of sodium is 496 kJ/mol. **Explain** this difference in terms of atomic structure. Verb: explain Image URLs (2): - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/76e21d85-fa6a-4a96-a73a-43845b20aee8_fig1.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/76e21d85-fa6a-4a96-a73a-43845b20aee8_fig2.jpg ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **Is FRQ 2 different from FRQ 1 and FRQ 3?** They share one format: 10 points, usually six parts, and a topic from any unit. Practice all three to prepare for the full long-answer set. **How are long-answer questions different from FRQs 4 to 7?** FRQs 1 to 3 are 10-point problems with about six parts that mix calculations, explanations, and drawings. FRQs 4 to 7 are 4-point questions that stay on one topic. **How do I type formulas, charges, and drawings?** Use the subscript and superscript buttons for formulas and ion charges. For a drawing, like a Lewis diagram or a mark on a figure, use the drawing tool, or switch the editor to handwrite, draw on paper, and add a photo of your page. **Can I use a calculator and the equations sheet?** Yes. The practice screen has a calculator and the AP Chemistry equations sheet with the periodic table, which you also get on exam day. ## Related - [FRQ 2 Long Answer exam guide](/ap-chem/ap-chemistry-exam/ap-chem-frq-long/study-guide/ap-chem-frq-long) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 1 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-1) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 3 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-3) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 4 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-4) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 5 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-5) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 6 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-6) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 7 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-7) - [AP Chemistry FRQs](/ap-chem/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)