--- title: "AP Chemistry FRQ 1 Long Answer Practice" description: "87 Long Answer Question (FRQ 1)s written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-chem/frqs/frq-1" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Chemistry" --- # AP Chemistry FRQ 1 Long Answer Practice ## What the FRQ 1 Long Answer asks FRQ 1 is the first of three long-answer questions on the AP Chemistry exam: a 10-point problem in about six parts that mixes calculations, written explanations, and drawings. Each question splits its 10 points its own way, so the table shows one common split. - **10 points**: usually across parts A to F - **105 min**: for all seven FRQs - **50%**: of your exam score comes from FRQs | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Setup | Identify a species, write an equation, or start a calculation | 2 | | B: Calculation | A calculation from the data, with units | 2 | | C: Short calculation | A quick calculation or an explanation of a result | 1 | | D: Linked calculation | A calculation that often builds on an earlier part | 2 | | E: Justification | A calculation or a claim justified with evidence | 2 | | F: Prediction | How a change to the system affects the result, with a reason | 1 | ## How FRQ 1 Long Answer practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The setup, figures, data tables, and every part, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 23-minute timer.** A pace that fits all seven questions into the 105-minute section. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 10.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 87 questions ### Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties (6) - [Gallium oxide empirical formula determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697522398bf79ce1a59344b0&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Isotope composition and atomic quantity calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fa29e84ac93142252b8d&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Boron isotopes and hydrogen gas decomposition](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fdcae84ac93142252ba3&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Chemical properties and isotopes of boron](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984ff21e84ac93142252bad&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Sulfur isotopes and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985025ce84ac93142252bb8&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Atomic radius comparison: titanium and calcium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698508dde84ac93142252bd9&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties (6) - [Magnesium compounds and atomic interactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f5b3e84ac93142252b79&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Lithium isotopes and mass spectrometry analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f75ee84ac93142252b80&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Nitrogen-fluorine compound properties and bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fc4de84ac93142252b99&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Chemical bonding and internuclear distance potential energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850067e84ac93142252bb0&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Ionic and molecular compound bonding properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985055ce84ac93142252bc5&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide molecular geometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850727e84ac93142252bd0&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures (15) - [Intermolecular forces at low temperatures, gas behavior deviations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975211c8bf79ce1a59344ad&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Paper chromatography dye separation and spectrophotometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984ee29e84ac93142252b5a&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Strontium isotopes and molar mass calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f449e84ac93142252b71&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Benzene and phenol intermolecular forces, vaporization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f61ce84ac93142252b7a&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Phosphorus trichloride bond angle and electron domains](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f6fee84ac93142252b7c&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Iodine crystal structure and solid halogen properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f91ee84ac93142252b87&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Halogen solubility in polar and nonpolar solvents](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f9d3e84ac93142252b8c&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Volatile organic compounds, vapor pressure calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fb4ae84ac93142252b92&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Methanol vapor pressure in rigid container](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fee1e84ac93142252bab&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Molecular structure and properties of fluorocarbons](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984ff21e84ac93142252bae&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Volatile organic compounds and gas behavior](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850136e84ac93142252bb3&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Ionic solid structures and elemental properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850301e84ac93142252bba&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Structural isomers ethanol and dimethyl ether](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985030ce84ac93142252bbb&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Boiling points and vapor pressure of structural isomers](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850565e84ac93142252bc6&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Acetone vapor pressure and ideal gas behavior](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698506ade84ac93142252bce&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 4: Chemical Reactions (14) - [Metal chloride composition determination by gravimetric analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984ee97e84ac93142252b5b&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Copper(II) chloride reduction with aluminum metal](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984ef89e84ac93142252b5e&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide precipitation reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f05ae84ac93142252b62&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrogen peroxide concentration determination via titration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f4d8e84ac93142252b73&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Cobalt(II) chloride absorbance and solution preparation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f706e84ac93142252b7d&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Iron(II) nitrate dissociation and strong electrolyte classification](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f825e84ac93142252b84&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Calcium oxalate precipitation and equilibrium properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fac6e84ac93142252b90&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Gravimetric analysis of chloride salt composition](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fd17e84ac93142252b9e&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver nitrate and potassium chromate precipitation reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fea5e84ac93142252ba8&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver nitrate and sodium chromate precipitation reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985017de84ac93142252bb5&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrogen peroxide and permanganate titration stoichiometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698502c4e84ac93142252bb9&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Lithium isotopes and hydrogen gas production](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698505a3e84ac93142252bc7&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver nitrate and magnesium chloride precipitation reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698505e6e84ac93142252bc9&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Zinc compounds: melting point differences and ionic bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850aa3e84ac93142252be5&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 5: Kinetics (4) - [Dinitrogen pentoxide decomposition kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fb94e84ac93142252b95&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Reaction mechanisms and rate law consistency](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850014e84ac93142252baf&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Dinitrogen pentoxide decomposition and gas pressure](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698505e6e84ac93142252bca&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Crystal violet hydroxide ion reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698506a8e84ac93142252bcd&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 6: Thermochemistry (18) - [Heat energy and reaction potential energy diagrams](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69740ac85bafccfb4e302f47&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and chlorine gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975835c229374bc48313cbd&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Molecular bonding structures and chemical properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f05ae84ac93142252b61&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Magnesium and hydrochloric acid thermodynamic reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f07de84ac93142252b64&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Nitrogen atomic structure and bonding properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f1a1e84ac93142252b65&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Molecular polarity and bond dipole cancellation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f2c6e84ac93142252b6b&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Nitrogen dioxide and fluorine reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f945e84ac93142252b88&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Ammonium nitrate dissolution enthalpy measurement](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f985e84ac93142252b8b&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Molar enthalpy of combustion of 1-propanol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fa8ee84ac93142252b8e&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy experimental versus accepted values](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fed9e84ac93142252baa&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy and heat absorption](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698500d3e84ac93142252bb2&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine properties and intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698501a9e84ac93142252bb7&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion thermodynamics and properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985033ce84ac93142252bbc&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion thermodynamics and energy calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850448e84ac93142252bc1&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Nitrogen monoxide and chlorine gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850454e84ac93142252bc2&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Propanol combustion and heat transfer calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698505cae84ac93142252bc8&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy calculation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850696e84ac93142252bcb&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion and heat calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850883e84ac93142252bd8&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 7: Equilibrium (7) - [Stoichiometry and ionic concentration in dissolution reactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697437a1bd7144f2c9500f1a&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Lead(II) iodide solubility and equilibrium constant](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984ef6ce84ac93142252b5d&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver isotopes and ion concentration calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f540e84ac93142252b75&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver sulfate solubility equilibrium and Ksp calculation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f73fe84ac93142252b7e&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver sulfate solubility equilibrium and calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984fe9ae84ac93142252ba7&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility equilibrium constant](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698503fbe84ac93142252bbf&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility equilibrium and precipitation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850704e84ac93142252bcf&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 8: Acids and Bases (5) - [Silver chromate solubility equilibrium and constant determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f3b6e84ac93142252b6e&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Weak base titration with strong acid](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984f5a4e84ac93142252b78&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Weak acid pH calculation and acid strength comparison](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6984faafe84ac93142252b8f&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Weak acid dissociation and pH calculation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985007ce84ac93142252bb1&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Hypochlorous acid dissociation and pH calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985093be84ac93142252bdd&type=frq-1-long-answer) ### Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry (12) - [Galvanic cell construction with aluminum and nickel electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850ab9e84ac93142252be6&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell with aluminum and nickel electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850b8de84ac93142252be9&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and iron electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850e5ee84ac93142252bf6&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and Gibbs free energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850f26e84ac93142252bfc&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell with cobalt and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698510d2e84ac93142252c06&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell potentials and thermodynamic spontaneity](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698513b6e84ac93142252c15&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Aluminum-copper galvanic cell free energy calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851480e84ac93142252c18&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Silver and chromium electrochemical cell](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985159ae84ac93142252c1d&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and thermodynamic spontaneity](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851740e84ac93142252c27&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Galvanic cell reactions between aluminum and nickel](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698517fde84ac93142252c2a&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Electrochemical cell potentials and free energy calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698518ade84ac93142252c2d&type=frq-1-long-answer) - [Copper-silver galvanic cell electrochemistry and thermodynamics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6ac53271640a2482ba3eb9f4&type=frq-1-long-answer) ## Sample question **Gallium oxide empirical formula determination** Answer the following questions about the element gallium, Ga. The mass spectrum for a sample of gallium is shown in Figure 1. The sample contains two stable isotopes, gallium-69 and gallium-71. Figure 1: Type: spectrum Caption: Figure 1. Mass spectrum of gallium isotopes URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/416185d2-aabd-474d-90a6-6d3fcffb73f7_fig1.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: A Part A (3 points): i. Using the data in Figure 1, calculate the average atomic mass of gallium. (2 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Determine the number of neutrons in the most abundant isotope shown in Figure 1. (1 pt) Verb: determine Context Insert (before_part_B): A student investigates the reaction of gallium with oxygen to determine the empirical formula of a gallium oxide compound. The student heats a sample of gallium in a crucible, allowing it to react with atmospheric oxygen. The data collected is shown in Figure 2. Introduces Figure: true Figure Number: 2 Figure 2: Type: table Caption: Figure 2. Mass data for gallium oxide formation URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/416185d2-aabd-474d-90a6-6d3fcffb73f7_fig2.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: B Part B (2 points): i. Using the data in Figure 2, calculate the number of moles of gallium that reacted. (The molar mass of gallium is 69.72 g/mol). (1 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Calculate the number of moles of oxygen that reacted. (1 pt) Verb: calculate Part C (1 point): Prompt: Using your answers from part B, determine the empirical formula of the gallium oxide. Verb: determine Context Insert (before_part_D): The properties of gallium are determined by its atomic structure. Introduces Figure: false Part D (1 point): Prompt: Explain why the atomic radius of a gallium atom (135 pm) is smaller than the atomic radius of a calcium atom (197 pm). Justify your answer using Coulomb's law and the principles of atomic structure. Verb: explain Context Insert (before_part_E): The photoelectron spectrum for the valence shell of gallium is shown in Figure 3. Introduces Figure: true Figure Number: 3 Figure 3: Type: spectrum Caption: Figure 3. Photoelectron spectrum of gallium valence region URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/416185d2-aabd-474d-90a6-6d3fcffb73f7_fig3.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: E Part E (2 points): i. Identify the subshell corresponding to the peak at 0.59 MJ/mol in Figure 3. (1 pt) Verb: identify ii. A peak for the 3d subshell of zinc (Zn, Z=30) would appear at a different binding energy than the 3d peak for gallium shown in Figure 3. Predict whether the binding energy for the Zn 3d peak would be greater than, less than, or equal to the binding energy of the Ga 3d peak. Explain. (1 pt) Verb: predict Part F (1 point): Prompt: In the experiment described in part B, the student did not heat the crucible long enough to completely drive off all atmospheric moisture before weighing the final product. Would the calculated mass percent of oxygen in the gallium oxide be greater than, less than, or equal to the actual mass percent of oxygen? Justify your answer. Verb: predict Image URLs (3): - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/416185d2-aabd-474d-90a6-6d3fcffb73f7_fig1.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/416185d2-aabd-474d-90a6-6d3fcffb73f7_fig2.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/416185d2-aabd-474d-90a6-6d3fcffb73f7_fig3.jpg ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **Is FRQ 1 different from FRQ 2 and FRQ 3?** They share one format: 10 points, usually six parts, and a topic from any unit. Practice all three to prepare for the full long-answer set. **How are long-answer questions different from FRQs 4 to 7?** FRQs 1 to 3 are 10-point problems with about six parts that mix calculations, explanations, and drawings. FRQs 4 to 7 are 4-point questions that stay on one topic. **How do I type formulas, charges, and drawings?** Use the subscript and superscript buttons for formulas and ion charges. For a drawing, like a Lewis diagram or a mark on a figure, use the drawing tool, or switch the editor to handwrite, draw on paper, and add a photo of your page. **Can I use a calculator and the equations sheet?** Yes. The practice screen has a calculator and the AP Chemistry equations sheet with the periodic table, which you also get on exam day. ## Related - [FRQ 1 Long Answer exam guide](/ap-chem/ap-chemistry-exam/ap-chem-frq-long/study-guide/ap-chem-frq-long) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 2 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-2) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 3 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-3) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 4 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-4) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 5 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-5) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 6 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-6) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 7 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-7) - [AP Chemistry FRQs](/ap-chem/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)