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Second Industrial Revolution

Definition

The Second Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrial development primarily in Britain, Germany and United States but also in France; it followed on from the First Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in late 18th century that then spread throughout Western Europe and North America.

Historical Context

The Second Industrial Revolution, spanning roughly from the late 19th to early 20th century, was a period of rapid industrialization primarily in Western Europe and the United States. This era was characterized by the expansion of steel production, widespread use of electricity, advances in chemical processes, and the invention of new technologies like the telephone and automobile. Key figures included inventors like Thomas Edison and entrepreneurs such as Andrew Carnegie.

Historical Significance

The Second Industrial Revolution greatly enhanced productivity and economic growth, leading to significant societal changes including urbanization, improved transportation networks, and shifts in labor dynamics. It facilitated global trade expansion and increased standards of living for many. However, it also exacerbated social inequalities and environmental degradation, setting the stage for future labor reforms and environmental awareness movements.

Related terms

Mass Production: The manufacture of large quantities of standardized products often using assembly lines or automated technology.

Urbanization: The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.

Capitalism: An economic system where trade, industries, and the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for profit.