V-chord alteration in a minor key refers to changing the fifth degree (V) from its natural form (major) to either lowered or raised, altering its function within the key.
Harmonic Minor Scale: The harmonic minor scale is used in conjunction with V-chord alteration in order to create stronger cadences in minor keys.
Raised Leading Tone: In V-chord alteration, when the fifth degree is raised, it creates what's called 'raised leading tone.' This leads to increased tension and a stronger resolution to the tonic.
Lowered Leading Tone: When the fifth degree is lowered in V-chord alteration, it creates what's called 'lowered leading tone.' This results in a more relaxed and softer resolution to the tonic.
AP Music Theory - 3.2 Diatonic Chords and Roman Numerals
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