Brown Smog

Ozone Layer: The ozone layer is a region in Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone molecules. It plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Nitrogen oxides are a group of highly reactive gases composed mainly of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO). They are produced primarily from burning fossil fuels and contribute to air pollution and the formation of smog.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs are organic chemicals that easily vaporize at room temperature. They can be emitted from various sources such as paints, solvents, gasoline, and industrial processes. VOCs play a significant role in the formation of smog and can have adverse health effects.