Private Variables

Public Variables: Public variables are accessible from any class and can be read or modified directly without restrictions.

Getters and Setters: Getters and setters are methods used to access and modify private variables indirectly, providing controlled access to the data.

Encapsulation: Encapsulation is a concept in object-oriented programming that bundles data (variables) and methods (functions) together within a class, hiding internal details from outside classes.