Political and social cleavages refer to deep divisions within a society based on political, social, economic, or cultural factors. These divisions can create conflicts and shape the political landscape of a country.
Ethnic Cleavages: Divisions within a society based on ethnic or racial differences.
Religious Cleavages: Divisions within a society based on religious beliefs or affiliations.
Class Cleavages: Divisions within a society based on socioeconomic status or income inequality.
AP Comparative Government - Unit 3 Overview: Political Culture & Participation
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