A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.
Coenzyme: This is like rechargeable batteries. It’s a type of cofactor that are organic molecules and can be reused in multiple reactions.
Prosthetic Group: This would be like built-in, non-removable batteries. They’re permanently bound to their enzymes.
Apoenzyme/Holoenzyme: These are like your remote control car without/with batteries. Apoenzyme is inactive enzyme without its cofactor while holoenzyme is active with its cofactor.
Organic Chemistry
AP Biology - 3.1 Enzyme Structure
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