Vellum is a type of parchment made from animal skin (usually calf or sheep) that has been specially prepared for writing or painting. It was widely used as a writing surface before paper became more common.
Parchment: A general term for writing surfaces made from animal skin, including both vellum and parchment.
Manuscript: A handwritten document, often referring to books created before the invention of the printing press.
Calligraphy: The art of beautiful handwriting, characterized by skillful penmanship and decorative lettering.
AP Art History - 3.3 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Early European and Colonial American Art
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